eudr.dev
eudr.dev
Regulatory terms used across this knowledge base, with their definition in the regulation and the engine's interpretation where relevant.
Annex I. The list of commodities and HS codes the Regulation reaches. See commodities-and-hs-codes.
Annex II. The structured content of a Due Diligence Statement. Reg. (EU) 2025/2650 deleted point 4; the current numbered points are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. See DDS anatomy.
Annual turnover. Used in Art. 27 as the basis for the 4 % maximum fine threshold. EU-wide turnover, not global.
Art. 2(28). The definition of "geolocation" and the polygon-vs-point rule. See geolocation requirements.
Cell64. emem.dev's pixel addressing scheme: a 64-bit Hilbert-ordered geospatial code (21 bits latitude × 22 bits longitude) at the canonical resolution of ~9.55 m at the equator, serialised as four dot-separated base-1024 bigrams. emem migrating toward H3-res-13 (~3.4 m). Used internally by the engine; not regulatory.
Competent authority. The Member-State body designated under Art. 14 to police EUDR compliance within its territory. Lists at the DG ENV portal.
Country benchmarking. The classification of countries (or sub-country regions) as low / standard / high risk under Art. 29. Implementing Reg. (EU) 2025/1093 is the first benchmark.
Deforestation. Art. 2(3): "The conversion of forest to agricultural use, whether human-induced or not." The 31 December 2020 cut-off in Art. 2(13) restricts the regulation to deforestation occurring after that date.
Deforestation-free. Art. 2(13): the product was produced on land not subject to deforestation after 31 December 2020. A binary condition, not a fraction.
Downstream operator. Operator further down the chain than the first-place-on-market operator. Post-2025/2650 does not file a DDS; collects upstream references.
Due Diligence Statement (DDS). The structured Annex II document the operator submits to TRACES NT. Contents in DDS anatomy.
Forest. Art. 2(4): "Land spanning more than 0,5 hectares with trees higher than 5 metres and a canopy cover of more than 10 %, or trees able to reach those thresholds in situ." This matches the FAO Forest Resources Assessment definition. Does NOT cover agroforestry plantations or single-species woody crops (rubber, palm). Those are agriculture in this framework.
Forest degradation. Art. 2(7): structural changes to forest cover (e.g. Selective logging, fire damage) that reduce its biological or economic productivity. The regulation reaches degradation when it falls on primary forest or naturally regenerating forest. Agroforestry conversions don't count under EUDR's definition.
Geolocation. Art. 2(28): the location of the plot using WGS84 coordinates, expressed as either a polygon (one or more outer rings with optional holes) or a point. Polygons for plots > 4 ha (any commodity) and for any non-cattle plot regardless of size. Points permitted for cattle (any size) and for non-cattle plots ≤ 4 ha.
HS code. Harmonized System tariff code. The 6-digit HS classification + 2 digits for the EU's Combined Nomenclature (CN8) is what TRACES expects. Annex I lists scope at HS-6 with some specific HS-8 entries.
Negligible risk. Art. 2(26): no cause for concern that the products do not comply with Art. 3. I.e. The operator has reasonable certainty the goods are deforestation-free and lawful. The engine's verdict label. The operator may place on market only when the consignment-level verdict is negligible.
Non-SME. Larger than the medium-enterprise thresholds in Directive 2013/34/EU (i.e. > 250 employees AND > €50 M revenue / €25 M balance sheet).
Operator. Art. 2(15): the natural or legal person who, in the course of a commercial activity, places relevant products on the Union market or exports them. Principal duty-bearer.
Plot of land. Art. 2(27): "Land within a single real-estate property, as recognised by the law of the country of production, which enjoys sufficient homogeneity in terms of conditions to allow the assessment of the aggregate risk of deforestation and forest degradation."
Primary forest. Art. 2(5): "Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed." A higher protection bar than ordinary forest under the regulation.
Risk assessment. Art. 10 step of the Art. 8(2) due-diligence pipeline.
Risk mitigation. Art. 11 step, triggered only when assessment is not negligible.
SME. Small + medium enterprise per Directive 2013/34/EU. Lighter regime under EUDR; specifically SME traders have no DDS-filing duty, and SME operators may still need to file but get the Art. 13 simplified-DD path more readily.
Substantiated concern. Art. 31: a sufficiently reasoned natural-or-legal-person submission alleging that a specific operator is non-compliant. Triggers a competent-authority investigation.
Trader. Art. 2(17): any natural or legal person in the supply chain other than the operator who makes a relevant product available on the EU market. Post-2025/2650, traders do not file DDS.
TRACES NT v2. The EU Information System (Trade Control and Expert System) where DDS submissions are filed. Operated by DG SANTE / DG ENV jointly.
Verdict. The engine's per-consignment label: negligible, non_negligible, or indeterminate. Computed from the per-plot per-cell evidence + the country tier. See methodology.